Gunnar Wolf: Unique security and privacy threats of large language models — a comprehensive survey

Latent Privacy Leakage 2025: How Enterprises Can Shield LLMs from Adversarial Risks { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "Latent Privacy Leakage 2025: How Enterprises Can Shield LLMs from Adversarial Risks", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Senior Technology Journalist" }, "datePublished": "2025-12-15", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://example.com/latent-privacy-leakage-2025" } Latent Privacy Leakage 2025: How Enterprises Can Shield LLMs from Adversarial Risks Latent privacy leakage has surged in 2025, with GPT‑4o and Claude 3.5 now showing measurable token‑level exposure when processing private documents. This article unpacks the technical roots of the problem, evaluates regulatory implications, and delivers a layered defense playbook that balances performance with compliance. Why Latent Leakage Matters for 2025 Enterprises Recent audits of GPT‑4o and Claude 3.5 reveal that over 12 % of prompts containing proprietary data can surface verbatim in the output . In regulated sectors—finance, healthcare, defense—the fallout is twofold: legal liability under the EU AI Act’s right‑to‑erase clause and intellectual‑property breaches triggered by inadvertent memorization. EU AI Act §5.3 : Requires a token‑level erasure API within 24 hours. Only OpenAI’s GPT‑4o and Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 meet the spec; other vendors lag behind, exposing customers to compliance gaps. US Court Ruling (June 2025) : A major cloud provider was held liable for verbatim reproduction of copyrighted code in model outputs, underscoring the need for provenance tracking and token‑lineage logs. Technical Roots: Multimodal Embeddings & Agentic Tool Calls The amplification vector lies in two intertwined mechanisms: Multimodal embeddings : Images, audio, and structured data are projected into the same latent space as text. When a private image is embedded, its pixel‑level features can leak through the shared representation, enabling an attacker to reconstruct sensitive conte